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楼主 |
发表于 2005-2-1 22:56:24
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首先要感谢debian版各位前辈的帮助，才能够比较顺利安装这个deb-hurd，谢谢各位！
下面是我的debian-K8-hurd（GNU/Hurd）的安装笔记，因为首次接触debian，请大家多指点：
一、下载及相关信息：
http://ftp.gnuab.org
http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd
http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/
http://hurd.gnu.org
http://hurd.gnufans.org/bin/view/Hurd/
因为我的网速比较慢，所以先下了个32MB的mini.iso进行安装（有很多种安装方法，我的可能是其中最笨的）
二、安装：
硬盘配置：
ide0主盘安装redhat9.0（hd0）；
ide1主盘用来安装debian－k8－hurd；（/-->(hd2,0); swap -->(hd2,1)）
ide1从盘为光驱（hd3）。
1）
为了引导mini－GNU/Hurd，先安装一个最小的redhat9.0带grub的系统；
2）
从光盘启动安装那个mini-debian-k8-hurd，分区-->格式化（选GNU/Hurd）-->挂载root-->安装baseGNU-->
『注：
（A）如果没有安装grub引导的其他系统，把第一张盘中的grub-94.iso刻盘引导，
（或者下载这个文件
http://www.linuxsir.cn/bbs/showthread.php?t=176218
刻盘）
这时你的安装位置可能是这样：/-->(hd0,0); swap-->(hd0,1)
（B）［2005-02-13添加］如果你重启时kernel panic blocksize 1024 != vm_xxxxxxblocksize 4096，那么你只好从头开始，手动重新格式化这个分区：ALT+F2进入第二控制台，
mke2fs -o hurd -b 4096 /dev/hda1
接下来再到第一控制台挂载root-->安装baseGUN。
（C）切换到第二控制台ALT+F2
cd /target
mkdir boot/grub
cp lib/grub/i386-pc/* boot/grub/
用nano-tiny创建文件boot/grub/menu.lst，内容如下：
- [color=Blue]timeout 10
- color light-grey/black red/light-grey
- title Debian GNU/Hurd
- root (hd0,0)
- kernel /boot/gnumach.gz root=device:hd0s1
- module /hurd/ext2fs.static --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} --host-priv-port=${host-port} --device-master-port=${device-port} --exec-server-task=${exec-task} -T typed ${root} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
- module /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)[/color]
』
umount hurd根分区-->reboot重新启动
3）
在grub界面下，按c进入命令行，输入下面内容进行hurd引导（建议把下面内容添加到redhat9.0的grub引导菜单中，省得每次启动都要输入，具体步骤参照grub的手册）：
- [color=Green]root (hd2,0)
- kernel /boot/gnumach.gz root=device:hd2s1
- module /hurd/ext2fs.static --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} --host-priv-port=${host-port} --device-master-port=${device-port}
- --exec-server-task=${exec-task} -T typed ${root} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
- module /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)[/color]
boot
『如果用debian-K8-hurd-i386-CD1.iso里面的grub-94.iso刻盘引导；则可以先root (hd0,0)，然后cat /boot/grub/menu.lst查看需要输入的内容，照着打就方便多了^_^；或者干脆root (hd0,0)然后setup (hd0)再reboot ;-D』
4）
如果启动顺利的话，将进入单用户的shell提示符下面，这时候你应该是在/下面，继续安装：
export TERM=mach
./native-install
安装提示，会要求你重新启动；
cd /dev
MAKEDEV hd2 hd2s1 hd2s2 hd3
mkdir /cdrom
输入重启命令：
reboot
5）
再次进入shell提示符下面后，还得再次进行第4）的步骤（不解）：
export TERM=mach
./native-install
接下来，添加/etc/fstab中的内容：
[PHP]
/dev/hd2s1 / ext2 rw 1 1
/dev/hd2s2 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/hd3 /cdrom iso9660fs ro,noauto 0 0
[/PHP]
一个mini系统总算安装成功。
6）
第二天cd1.iso刚好下载完，把光盘放入cdrom中，安装man：
mount /cdrom或者settrans -c /cdrom /hurd/iso9660fs /dev/hd3（不知道为什么apt-cdrom不能自动安装光驱，所以先手动挂上；卸载光盘：settrans -fg /cdrom）
apt-cdrom add
apt-get install man
7）
按照上面方法，安装了vim
·注：安装软件捷径在第一张盘
less /cdrom/hurd-doc/Cook-doc #看安装说明
/cdrom/upgrade/install.sh #安装软件
/cdrom/upgrade/gui.sh #安装桌面
8）
What is the GNU Hurd?
The GNU Hurd is the GNU project's replacement for the Unix kernel.
The Hurd is a collection of servers that run on the Mach
microkernel to implement file systems, network protocols,
file access control, and other features that are implemented
by the Unix kernel or similar kernels (such as Linux).
GNU Hurd 是什么？
GNU Hurd 是代替 Unix 内核的 GNU 项目。Hurd 是运行在 Mach 微内核的服务
器集，她实现文件系统、网络协议、文件访问控制以及其他 Unix 内核或
类 Unix 内核（如 Linux ）所实现的功能。
What the Hurd means
According to Thomas Bushnell, BSG, the primary architect of the
Hurd: `Hurd' stands for `Hird of Unix-Replacing Daemons'. And,
then, `Hird' stands for `Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth'.
We have here, to my knowledge, the first software to be named by
a pair of mutually recursive acronyms.
意思是 “代替 Unix”的精灵接口是深度的象征！
宰相肚里能撑船的意思？
9）
Hurd 的优点：
Advantages of the Hurd
The Hurd is not the most advanced kernel known to the planet
(yet), but it does have a number of enticing features:
·it's free software
Anybody can use, modify, and redistribute it under the terms
of the GNU General Public License (GPL).
·it's compatible
The Hurd provides a familiar programming and user
environment. For all intents and purposes, the Hurd is a modern
Unix-like kernel. The Hurd uses the GNU C Library, whose
development closely tracks standards such as ANSI/ISO, BSD,
POSIX, Single Unix, SVID, and X/Open.
·it's built to survive
Unlike other popular kernel software, the Hurd has an
object-oriented structure that allows it to evolve without
compromising its design. This structure will help the Hurd
undergo major redesign and modifications without having to be
entirely rewritten.
·it's scalable
The Hurd implementation is aggressively multithreaded so that
it runs efficiently on both single processors and symmetric
multiprocessors. The Hurd interfaces are designed to allow
transparent network clusters (collectives), although this feature
has not yet been implemented.
·it's extensible
The Hurd is an attractive platform for learning how to become
a kernel hacker or for implementing new ideas in kernel
technology. Every part of the system is designed to be modified
and extended.
·it's stable
It is possible to develop and test new Hurd kernel components
without rebooting the machine (not even accidentally). Running
your own kernel components doesn't interfere with other users,
and so no special system privileges are required. The mechanism
for kernel extensions is secure by design: it is impossible to
impose your changes upon other users unless they authorize them
or you are the system administrator.
·it exists
The Hurd is real software that works Right Now. It is not a
research project or a proposal. You don't have to wait at all
before you can start using and developing it.
目前只安装到这儿，先把笔记抄下。感觉有点晕，不知道从何处着手。。。
dselect我也用不上，老出错。
我这儿好象没找到apt-setup |
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发表于 2005-2-1 17:09:29
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