安装gentoo linux 2007.0(适合新手参考)

lijinan

首先按照handbook，安装到系统重启(reboot)。
计算机系统：Hp Compaq nx6330(ati x1300,T5600 1.86)
make.conf：（部分内容）
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"
MAKEOPTS="-j3"
GENTOO_MIRRORS="ftp://gentoo.anheng.com.cn/gentoo http://adelie.polymtl.ca/ ftp://gentoo.arcticnetwork.ca/pub/gentoo/ http://gentoo.gg3.net/ ftp://gg3.net/pub/linux/gentoo/ http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Gentoo/ ftp://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Gentoo/ http://ftp.ncnu.edu.tw/Linux/Gentoo/ ftp://ftp.ncnu.edu.tw/Linux/Gentoo/ "
SYNC="rsync://rsync.asia.gentoo.org/gentoo-portage"
USE="a52 aac aalib acpi adns alsa arts bzip2 calendar caps cdparanoia cdr cjk cscope dga doc dri dts dv dvb dvd dvdr emacs empress empress-bcs encode fbcon ffmpeg fftw flac ftp -gb gif -gnome gphoto2 gpm hal ipod java javascript jpeg jpeg2k kde lame leim libcaca matrox mp3 mpeg mplayer msn mule mysql nas ncurses netboot nls oci8 ogg opengl oracle pam pcmcia pda pdf png posix python qt3 qt4 samba savedconfig scanner smartcard sockets socks5 spell svg svga syslog tcpd tetex theora tiff truetype unicode usb vcd videos vim-syntax vorbis wifi win32codecs xcomposite xml xvid"
INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse synaptics"
VIDEO_CARDS="fglrx"
ALSA_CARDS="intel8x0"
LINGUAS="zh_CN"

以下是我安装步骤：
***********************************************************
# date 2007-11-28
# download or copy all distfiles to /usr/portage/distfiles/
$ emerge --sync
$ emerge portage
$ etc-update
$ dispatch-conf
$ env-update && source /etc/profile
**********************************************************

1st. install xorg-docs and xorg-x11
$ emerge -av xorg-docs
# and nano /etc/make.conf delete "doc" from USE.
$ emerge -av xorg-x11
# sys-devel/gcc-3.3.6-r1 failed!
********************************
$ emerge -f gcc
# gcc-4.1.2
$ emerge gcc
# sys-devel/gcc-3.3.6-r1 failed!
********************************
$ emerge -f sys-libs/libstdc++-v3
$ emerge sys-libs/libstdc++-V3
$ emerge xorg-x11

2nd. install alsa-utils
# and nano /etc/make.conf delete "alsa" from USE.
$ emerge -f alsa-utils
$ emerge alsa-utils
$ alsaconf
$ alsamixer

3rd. install fonts
$ mkdir /usr/share/fonts/msfonts
$ cd /usr/share/fonts/msfonts
$ cp /$where u fonts ./
$ chmod 777 ./
$ mkfontscale
$ mkfontdir
# add in xorg.conf
# FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/msfonts/"
$ fc-cache -v -f

4th. set localization
# add /etc/env.d/02locale
LANGUAGE="zh_CN:zh:en_US:en"
LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
GST_ID3_TAG_ENCODING=GBK
$ source /etc/env.d/02locale

5th. set xorg:
copy myold xorg.conf to /etc/X11/xorg.conf
$startx

6th. install kdebase
# and nano /etc/make.conf delete "kde" from USE.
$ emerge -f kdebase
# failed!
$ emerge -u1 sys-fs/udev
$ emerge kdebase
$ xinit /usr/kde/3.5/bin/startkde

7th install skim,scim-pinyin
$ emerge -f skim scim-pinyin
$ emerge -av skim scim-pinyin
# In english interface just add in ~/.xinitrc:
export XMODIFIERS=@im=SCIM
export QT_IM_MODULE=scim
export GTK_IM_MODULE=scim
export LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.GBK"
exec startkde

8th install vim
$ emerge -f vim
$ emerge -av vim

9th install kpdf
$ emerge -f kpdf
$ emerge -av kpdf
# You need to rebuild everything depending on poppler, use revdep-rebuild
$ emerge -f gentoolkit
$ emerge -av gentoolkit
$ revdep-rebuild

10th install amarok
$ emerge -f amarok
$ emerge -av amarok
# Please re-emerge x11-libs/cairo with the X USE flag set
# ERROR: x11-libs/gtk+-2.12.1-r2 failed.
$ USE="X" emerge -f x11-libs/cairo
$ USE="X" emerge -av x11-libs/cairo
# Portage patch failed to apply (ltmain.sh version 1.5.22 Debian 1.5.22-4)!
# x11-libs/cairo-1.4.10 failed.
$ emerge -av amarok
# media-libs/xine-lib-1.1.8 failed!
$ emerge --sync
$ emerge portage
$ reboot
$ sudo etc-update
$ sudo dispatch-conf
$ sudo env-update && source /etc/profile
$ emerge -av amarok
# Please re-emerge x11-libs/cairo with the X USE flag set
# ERROR: x11-libs/gtk+-2.12.1-r2 failed.
$ USE="X" emerge -av x11-libs/cairo
$ emerge -av amarok
# Please install app-text/evince for print preview functionality
# Messages for package dev-python/PyQt-3.17:
# ERROR: dev-python/PyQt-3.17 failed.
$ nano /etc/portage/package.keywords
# add:dev-python/PyQt ~x86
******************************************************************
# I removed the use flag for python instead and amarok merged fine
# maybe another method to deal with this problem,but not practice!
******************************************************************
$ emerge -av amarok


11en install mplayer
$ emerge -f mplayer
$ emerge -av mplayer

12th. install openoffice
# openoffice的编译环境要求对现在大多数pc来说其实不高：256m的内存，5G的空余磁盘空间。
# 可能比较麻烦的地方就是一般情况下/usr/portage目录下没有5G的空间，比如说我将portage
# 目录放在/var目录下，而该目录总共就不到4G的空间。为了解决问题，需要将PORTAGE_TMPDIR变量指向一块更大的硬盘。／dev/sdb3是我移动硬盘的一个分区。
$ mkreiserfs /dev/sdb3
$ mount /dev/sdb3 /home/lijinan/sdb3
$ export PORTAGE_TMPDIR="/home/lijinan/sdb3"
$ USE="cairo" emerge -av openoffice
# if openoffice emerged sucessfully:
# To start OpenOffice.org, run:*******
# openoffice不是一般的慢阿。
$ mkdir /usr/portage/packages
*******************************************************************
# backup my linux binaries!
$ quickpkg openoffice
# or
$ quickpkg --include-config=y --include-unmodified-config=y openoffice
$ quickpkg --include-config=y --include-unmodified-config=y amarok
$ quickpkg --include-config=y --include-unmodified-config=y kpdf
$ quickpkg --include-config=y --include-unmodified-config=y kdebase
$ quickpkg --include-config=y --include-unmodified-config=y xorg-x11
$ quickpkg --include-config=y --include-unmodified-config=y skim scim-pinyin
$ quickpkg --include-config=y --include-unmodified-config=y vim
$ quickpkg --include-config=y --include-unmodified-config=y mplayer
# media-video/mplayer-1.0_rc1_p20070824: package was emerged with USE=-bindist!
# media-video/mplayer-1.0_rc1_p20070824: it may not be legal to redistribute this.
$ quickpkg --include-config=y --include-unmodified-config=y xorg-docs
$ quickpkg --include-config=y --include-unmodified-config=y grub
$ quickpkg --include-config=y --include-unmodified-config=y gentoo-sources
$ quickpkg --include-config=y --include-unmodified-config=y alsa-utils
$ cd /usr/portage/packages/All/
$ md5sum *.tbz2>mybinchk.txt
$ md5sum -c mybinchk.txt
$ sudo badblocks -s /dev/sdb1
$ su
$ cd /usr/portage/packages/All/
$ cp -L * /home/lijinan/sdb1/gentoobinbak/
$ cd /home/lijinan/sdb1/gentoobinbak/
$ md5sum -c mybinchk.txt
$ cd /usr/portage/packages/
$ rm -rf *
$ chmod 777 /home/lijinan/sdb1/gentoobinbak/
*******************************************************************

13en. install mozilla-firefox
$ emerge -f mozilla-firefox
$ emerge -av mozilla-firefox
# ERROR: dev-libs/libIDL-0.8.9 failed

存在问题：
1.mplayer无法播放rmvb，待搜索论坛解决。
2.firefox没有安装成功,待搜索论坛解决。

tpxc

不错不错,问几个问题
1.ALSA_CARDS="intel8x0"
LINGUAS="zh_CN"

这两个到底填什么?模块的名字?芯片的名字?

2.SYNC="rsync://rsync.asia.gentoo.org/gentoo-portage"
这个源的速度如何,稳定性?更新频率?

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10th install awarok   <--  拼错

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mplayer 你使用real USE标志试试

lijinan

1.ALSA_CARDS="intel8x0"（这个应该是声卡的，intelHDaudio，第一次装的时候没有用这个，后来加上的。intelHD audio的声卡2.6.22-r9中编译成模块也无法装alsa-driver的，直接在USE中去掉alsa然后安装alsa-utils就可驱动intel HD audio）
LINGUAS="zh_CN"（哪个说明中有的，相当于中文环境变量，以后装openoffice等一些软件就直接是中文的了）
2.SYNC="rsync://rsync.asia.gentoo.org/gentoo-portage"感觉还好吧，有时候连不上，一般再来一次就好了，服务器是新加坡的。倒是"ftp://gentoo.anheng.com.cn/gentoo"这个很快，有时候能到800k／s。
就是不明白为什么大陆没有rsync服务器？

lzlz

偶一般首先 -auvDN world
不过这之前会先升级expat
不然很可能大部分包在--depclean之后会重新在来一次
expat升级后整个系统大部分东西都得重编比较头疼